#2 The Facts On Roman Catholicism
2. Why do Protestants
believe the Bible alone is authoritative and inerrant (free from error)?
As we will see, the Bible asserts or assumes its inerrancy
throughout its pages. But it is important to realize that inerrancy is
inseparable bound to both the doctrine of revelation as well as to the nature of
God Himself. Why?
First, because God's revelation of Himself occurred through a
very specific manner - "verbal, plenary inspiration." This means that the divine
inspiration of the Bible involves its very words (Matthew 4:4; Romans 3:2) and
extends to every part of Scripture. This is why the Bible claims "ALL Scripture
is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in
righteousness,..." (2 Timothy 3:16). Second, the Bible reveals that God's nature
is holy; therefore, He is incapable of lying. If divine inspiration extends to
every word of the Bible, the entire Bible must be considered free of error. In
other words, if God is incapable of inspiring error, whatever is inspired is
inerrant (free from error). Finally, the Bible also reveals that God is
omnipotent or all powerful. This means He was able to safeguard the process of
inspiration from error even though it was given through fallible men. In light
of all this, it must be concluded that whatever God speaks is inerrant (free
from error), and since every word of the Bible is God's word, therefore the
Bible is without error.
Thus, in order to establish the Bible alone as the only source
of divine authority, we need to prove that (a) the Bible claims to be the
inerrant Word of God, (b) these claims are justified, and (c) anything which
contradicts what the Bible teaches cannot, logically, have divine authority.
A. Does the Bible claim to be the inerrant Word of God?
1. The Old Testament
The Old Testament is either God's Word or a fraud because it
repeatedly asserts its divine authority (e.g., Isaiah 40:8). The term "thus says
the Lord" or similar expressions are use some 2,800 times is explicitly asserted
for almost 70 percent of the Old Testament, or 26 of 39 books (see Jeremiah 1:2;
cross-reference Exodus 34:27; Deuteronomy 18:18; 1 Kings 22:14; Isaiah 8:19-20;
Jeremiah 36:29; Amos 3). Further, New Testament assertions to the verbal,
plenary inspiration of the Old Testament provide additional corroboration. Here
we find that more than 90 percent of the Old Testament books "have their
authority and/or authenticity directly affirmed by the New Testament." For
example, in the book of Hebrews the phrase "God said" or its equivalent occurs
many times just prior to quoting specific books of the Old Testament such as
Psalms (Hebrews 1:6-12; Hebrews 4:7), Jeremiah (Hebrews 8:8-12; Hebrews
10:15-17), Haggai (Hebrews 12:26), Deuteronomy (Hebrews 13:5), and others.
Particularly relevant are the pronouncements of Jesus, who, as God incarnate,
speaks infallibly (Matthew 24:35; John 5:46; John 7:16; John 8:14-16, 26, 28;
John 12:48-50; John 14:6; cross-reference Philippians 2:1-8; Titus 2:13; 2 Peter
1:20-21; John 1:14). In John 17:17, Jesus said, "Your word is truth,@
and in Matthew 4:4, "Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that
comes from the mouth of God." In both instances He could only have referred to
the Jewish Scripture - our Protestant Old Testament (cross-reference Luke
24:27). Jesus affirms 100 percent of the Old Testament as inspired and inerrant
(free from error).
2. The New Testament
Jesus indicated more than once that new revelation from God was
forthcoming. For example, He promised the disciples that the Holy Spirit would
teach them all things and bring to remembrance the things they were taught (John
14:26), referring to the Gospels (cross-reference Matthew 24:35). He also
promised that the Holy Spirit would guide them into all the truth (John
16:12-15), referring to the remainder of the New Testament. Thus, it is not
surprising that:
Virtually every New Testament writer claimed that his writing
was divinely authoritative...The cumulative effect of this self-testimony is an
overwhelming confirmation that the New Testament writers claimed inspiration.
Indeed, the fact that the New Testament writers assumed their
writings was as binding as the Old Testament asserts a great deal. Such writers
were orthodox Jews who believed God's Word was heretofore confined to the known
Old Testament canon. To add to this body of holy writings was a terrible
presumption unless inspiration were clearly present. But their recognition of
inspiration is not so surprising. The very fact of the arrival of the
long-prophesied messiah and the new covenant (as mentioned in
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, etc.) coupled with the incarnation and atonement of
God Himself (John 1:14; Philippians 2:1-9) demanded a corresponding body
of divine literature to explain and expound these events. [This was also true
for the activity of God in the old covenant (e.g., Galatians 3:8;
cross-reference John 16:12-15).] God had no more likely candidates for this
revelation than the apostles of His own Son, or those they approved. And for
perhaps even more credibility, the former skeptic and persecutor of the church,
the great apostle Paul, was commissioned by God to write a full fourth of the
entire new revelation. Is it credible to believe Jesus thought the Holy Spirit,
the "Spirit of Truth," who inspired the New Testament (cross-reference John
16:13-15) would corrupt His own words or inspire error? How could the incarnate
God teach the infallibility of the divinely inspired Old Testament and not know
the same condition would apply to the divinely inspired New Testament? Perhaps
one reason Jesus never wrote anything was because He knew it was unnecessary:
The Holy Spirit would inspire an inerrant Word. How else could He teach (or
could we reasonably believe), "My words will never pass away" (Matthew 24:35)?
Regardless, is it proper to call errant writings "holy"? How is
inspiration divine if it allows for the presence of truth and
error? Is it not simply human and, like every other book, to be treated like
every other book? If we answer "no" by appealing to its unique theological
content, how do we really know such content is true? If God's Word is eternal,
how can it be flawed? What did God mean when He called His Word "holy,"
"perfect," "true," "good," "trustworthy," and "pure"? On this issue of
inerrancy, the great expositor Charles Spurgeon once stated, "This is the book
untainted by any error, but is pure, unalloyed, perfect truth. Why? Because God
wrote it. Ah! charge God with error if you please; tell Him that His book
is not what it ought to be..."
B. How do we know the claims to the inspiration of the Bible are
justified?
There are many converging lines of evidence that strongly
indicate the Bible really is God's only revelation to mankind. For
example, scores of detailed predictions of the future, which were later
fulfilled, are found only in the Bible and can only be explained on the basis of
divine inspiration. But the area we wish to stress is simply the authority of
Jesus Christ Himself. Did He ever express any doubts about Scripture? Did He
warn His church that the New Testament canon would be incomplete or corrupted?
It is a historical fact that Jesus is the only person in history who conquered
death by raising Himself from the dead to live forever. He is the only person
who makes it possible, through His sinless sacrifice, for His followers to enter
God's Kingdom. This proves the truth of His claims to be God incarnate. If so,
then He is an infallible authority, and in that role He declared the Old
Testament the inspired Word of God, pre-authenticated the New Testament (Matthew
24:35; John 14:26), and personally inspired its final book (Revelation 1:1-3).
Indeed, the strength of the case for inerrancy can only be seen by a detailed
study of Jesus' absolute trust in and use of Scripture. For Jesus, what
Scripture said, God said. Not once did He say, "This Scripture is in error" and
proceed to correct it. If Jesus was God, then He was correct in His view
of Scripture: The Bible truly is the inerrant, revealed Word of God.
If God cannot lie, never changes, and can be
trusted to never contradict Himself, then only one conclusion follows: Whatever
or whoever denies what God has revealed in the Bible cannot be from God. Nowhere
in the Bible does God tell us to accept anything that contradicts what He has
said is true in His Word. All this is why Protestants logically maintain that
our spiritual allegiance is to God and to His Word alone. To give our allegiance
to church traditions or people who claim divine authority but never establish it
is to take away the rightful place God should occupy in our lives.
John Ankerberg & John Weldon
|